Diskurzivne prakse i formiranje identiteta na primjerima njegove subverzije u djelima odabranih umjetnica i umjetnika 20. i 21. stoljeća

Szekely, Svebor. (2014). Diskurzivne prakse i formiranje identiteta na primjerima njegove subverzije u djelima odabranih umjetnica i umjetnika 20. i 21. stoljeća. Diploma Thesis. Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu, Department of Linguistics. [mentor Bertoša, Mislava].

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Abstract

The principal subject matter in this thesis is that man's identity is forming outside him and it's implementing back through various social practices such as language and culture. There is nothing essential or a priori given to man which is independent of formative surroundings and context, both in a general and in a particular sense of each individual. The language is pointed out as one of the key factors in the forming of identity, which in it's very structure contents such potential and it shows that there is also influence of the manner of doing. The past perception of human language was based on the logocentric postulate which advocates the thesis that the language has no influence on human cognition but enables direct insight of the mind into reality. The mind and the reality are independent and a human mind is a given by birth part of a human nature which is given a priori, it is eternal and unchangeable. Some authors from the period of end of 19th and beginning of 20th century confront to this principle which ruled several millennium and this will lead to the linguistic turn and forming of new scientific paradigms such as structuralism and post-structuralism. The principal hypothesis of these approaches is that the language is a system which forms a barrier between an individual and a reality and which has a significant influence to the both- the cognition and a forming of that particular individual and his identity. That enables the language to create different discourses which equally participate in cognition of the world and fight with each other to dominate using the power which becomes the central concept in post-structuralist theory of Michael Foucault. The usage of some discourse and behaviour according to this and its rules is called discoursive practices. That concept took Judith Butler who discoursive practices elevates to a higher level and claims that each repetitive act, gesture or movement is forming the identity. That is the core of the concept of the performativity and J. Butler is referring to the work of J. L. Austin which theory of speeking acts, so called performatives, leads to the forming of the term performativity, one of the key terms in post-structuralism and postmodern philosophy. His student, J.R. Searle, also put the speech acts in the wider context of the actions and claims that the language theory is a part of the bigger theory of actions since the speech is just one of the forms of behaviour regulated by the rules. All these behaviours which satisfy the criteria of performativity could be called the performance. From these various performance, the particular accent is on so called artistic performance for which it seems to have a special potential of a critic use of discursive and other practices and their subversion. This thesis shows it in the description of the works of the choosen artists from 20th and 21st century which deal with performance and body art.

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