Literary and linguistic aspects of Yerli Roma culture in Macedonia

Demir, Ljatif. (2017). Literary and linguistic aspects of Yerli Roma culture in Macedonia. PhD Thesis. Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu, Department of Comparative Literature.
(Poslijediplomski doktorski studij književnosti, izvedbenih umjetnosti, filma i kulture) [mentor Kapuševska-Drakulevska, Lidija].

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Abstract

Roma as an ethnic group have been inhabited for centuries on the territory of Macedonia. They are sedentary people, because they live sedentary way of life ever since they arrived on this territory. Almost there are no works dealing with the literary, cultural and linguistic aspects of Roma Jerlija-Yerli's culture and papers about the impact of the sedentary lifestyle on culture, literature and language of Roma in Europe in general, and thus in Macedonia. The focus of the doctoral work is to confront the past and the literary, cultural and linguistic aspects of the Roma Roma Yerli's culture in Macedonia. These aspects are seen through history, dialogism, intertextuality, anthropology, sociology of culture and imagology (as part of comparative literature). The aim of this paper is to explore the factors that led to exclusion of Roma Yerli from the Macedonian society and the process of developing stereotypes about Roma as a non-sedentary people under the influence of the general negative attitudes and images of Roma as "nomads" in Europe. Its purpose is to identify the processes and factors that encourage such reception, as well as the literary, linguistic and cultural aspects that have influenced the limiting and slowing development of Roma in literature, language and culture. The basic thesis of the work is: Roma Arles, despite their differences, due to their way of living through the centuries in Macedonia, should have different treatment in all the pores of life and the rest of the inhabitants should consider them as "theirs" and / or an integral part of the Macedonian society and that they are not foreigners, nomads or semi-nomads. The paper seeks to illustrate the non-Roma image of Romas by reconstructing already written and published works on Roma literature and about Roma in Macedonian literature. It also strives to get closer to the past by studying traces or imagination, and thus mark the beginning of a period of a different scientific, literary and linguistic approach to the Roma. The work itself is part of a culture of remembrance and memories that are still present in Macedonia in their various aspects. This is an area of research that is currently topical and whose results and new findings take over the literary theory in order to explore literary and artistic works that reflect on the Roma past. This paper explores the relationship between Macedonians and Roma through analysis of the works of non-Roma authors, but also the time and places when these works were written. The paper also analyzes the works of Roma authors. The paper collects bibliographies of various reference works, works on historical-cultural relations between the majority population and Roma, literary and cultural journals, literary newspapers and periodicals. Our methodology is based on intertextual, contextual, materialistic and historic readings, as well as on literary and cultural criticism of a particular piece of work, whether fictional or nonfictional. Non-Roma and Roma research includes selection of texts and important events that are part of the literary-cultural history of Roma Yerli in Macedonia. The philological analysis determines the time when texts, versions of texts and authorship are created. The content, layout and logical connection between literary and cultural information derive from the fundamental questions of literary science and its relation to other cultural segments as well as to the culture of "the other” in society. This doctoral dissertation is divided (excluding the introduction, conclusion and list of literature) into three chapters. The first chapter contains an overview of the basic theoretical-methodological framework for studying yerlism and nomadism (semi nomadism) in general with respect to Roma in Macedonia, and announcing the research questions that this paper deals with, although each chapter introduces other scientific concepts that serve as useful instruments within the framework in which Roma can be found as a motif in cultural and literary creation in Macedonia. The central part of the work is divided into two large chapters (each of which has its branches in the subchapters). Qualitative methods represent a number of interpretative techniques aimed at describing, decoding, translating and otherwise interpreting the meaning of some phenomena in a society in which Roma were natives (sedentary Roma). Pragmatism has been applied, as a research approach whose focus is the problem, not the method, and we have used all available methods for research and understanding of Yerli. Pragmatism has given us freedom in the application and combination of research methods. It starts from the idea that pluralism as approach can contribute to better understanding of the problem of sedentary lifestyle and created images of Roma in Macedonia to a greater extent. We hope that this doctoral work will be a significant contribution to Roma studies in Macedonia and Croatia, and in the wider region.

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