Concept of creation of digital originals by digitisation

Buršić, Edvin. (2018). Concept of creation of digital originals by digitisation. PhD Thesis. Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu, Department of Information Science.
(Poslijediplomski doktorski studij informacijskih i komunikacijskih znanosti) [mentor Stančić, Hrvoje].

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Abstract

The aim of this PhD dissertation is to develop the Model of the process of creation of authentic digital copies in the form of originals by digitization and to determine conditions for acceptance of the digitized document as authentic to the original analogue document, as being what it purports to be and is free from tampering or corruption, and that includes internal and external evidence, taking into account physical characteristics, structure, content and context – and to find the totality of the properties of digitized document which establish its origin, reliability, credibility and accuracy of its content. To create this model, the relevant legal framework, technical framework, existing relevant standards and good practice routines were analyzed. Additionally, digital signature, digital stamp, digital certificate, software for digitization, EXIF standard, RFID, microprint, PIQL's film, XML language and technical components (image sensors for digitizing) etc. were also analyzed with the goal of producing a model of digitizing analogue originals in a way that the digital form can be considered authentic. The aim was achieved by creating a Model of the process of creation of authentic digital copies in the form of originals by digitization, i.e. determining the conditions for obtaining authentic copies generated by the digitization of the originals in physical form. The methods used were the method of analysis and synthesis, method of concretization, comparative analysis method and modeling method. Using the above methods, the conditions under which a digital copy of a document can be considered equivalent to the original were first established. Concepts that meet the authentication requirements include: defined, certified and approved procedures and instructions of the used digitization process, scanner characteristics, master image characteristics, driver and digitization software characteristics, necessary metadata explaining the context of the digitized document, requirements for the used application, data repository requirements, control and supervisory roles and audit trails of the activities carried out within the digitalization process. Secondly, to achieve authenticity 45 requirements are identified that need to be met. Comparative analysis of the proposed Model and ISO/TR 15801:2009 and ISO/TR 13028:2010 standards established that ISO/TR 15801:2009 technical report meets 32 requirements and ISO/TR 13028:2010 complies with 17 requirements. These results show that the use of these standards requires additional controls and records to provide sufficient data to show that a digitized image is an authentic digital copy. Finally, the model covers the situation in which a digital or digitized document can be printed as a document that, by its properties, may be considered as original. The model proposes that it could be the case if the printed document meets a set of requirements.

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