Kvantifikacija i negacija u logici i hrvatskome jeziku

Stanić, Ružica. (2014). Kvantifikacija i negacija u logici i hrvatskome jeziku. Diploma Thesis. Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu, Department of Croatian Language and Literature
Department of Philosophy.
(Prilog: formalna gramatika) [mentor Marković, Ivan and Lauc, Davor].

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Abstract

This paper describes the relationship between quantification and negation in Croatian language and logic. The four quantifiers studied by Aristotle, all, none, some and not all, the judgements which contain them and the interrelationships of those judgements (the universal affirmative, the universal negative, the particular affirmative and the particular negative) provide the framework of this paper. Along with Aristotle, from the long history of the logical study of quantification Frege's predicate logic and quantification-related topics from the work of B. Russell (denoting phrases) and A. Tarski (formal semantics and model theory) were chosen. Different ways of expressing logical quantifiers (the universal quantifier  and the existential quantifier ) in Croatian language, i. e. the four logical forms from the square of opposition were presented in first-order logic and Croatian language. The final chapter deals with expressing negation in quantified sentences. The meaning and etymology of ni-words and ne-words which behave like quantifiers in Croatian language are explained. The Aristotelian and stoic conceptions of negation are briefly described, with a specific review of double negative and a comparison with examples from Croatian language. A formal grammar which generates quantified Croatian sentences and a program for its implementation were created. Natural language proved difficult for analysis. As opposed to a small number of quantifiers and means of expressing negation in the language of logic, Croatian language possesses a richness of expressions, which is in accordance with the different functions of a formal and a natural language.

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