Lockeova kritika Hobbesove filozofije politike

Arapinac, Jasmina. (2014). Lockeova kritika Hobbesove filozofije politike. Diploma Thesis. Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu, Department of Philosophy. [mentor Raunić, Raul].

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Abstract

The aim of this thesis is to identify and to explain the main determinants on which John Locke bases his criticism of Thomas Hobbes and his political apsolutism. For Hobbes, the absence of absolute and arbitrary legislative power represents one of the main causes of disintegration of the state. Throughout his Second treatise Locke covertly discusses with Hobbes and tries to demonstrate that the prospects for self-preservation of individuals in a state of nature are greater than in the state of willful and limitless power of a tyrant. Locke therefore constructs his political government by introducing the constitutional principle of separation of powers and thus prevails over Hobbes's absolutism. As an added security measure, Locke introduces the moral right to resistance for individuals summoned in the political community. A comparison and critical analysis of Hobbes and Locke provides an opportunity to consider the fundamental question in modern political philosophy: How is it possible for people with different and conflicting religious beliefs to live in a stable, well-kept and prosperous political community? Historically and theoreticaly the first answer to this question is Hobbes's theory of political absolutism. The second and current prevailing response, oposite to Hobbes's absolutism, is Locke's liberalism and idea of tolerance.

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