Description of the Kukljica dialect

Benić, Mislav. (2014). Description of the Kukljica dialect. PhD Thesis. Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu, Department of Linguistics. [mentor Kapović, Mate and Mandić, David].

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Abstract

This thesis describes the sounds and the morphology of the dialect used in the village of Kukljica on the Ugljan island, whereby the dialect of Kukljica is often compared with other dialects used on the Ugljan island, as well as with those of the island of Pašman. This work is foreseen to constitute two initial parts of a future piece which would – along with sounds and morphology – also cover syntax. The introductory segment of this work covers the materials and methodology used herein; it also inducts a dialectologic and sociolinguistic context for the dialect of Kukljica. In its first part, the following is covered: the system of phonemes and prosodic units, of phonetic particularities of sounds and prosody, as well as of sound changes of consonants and vowels, along with prosodic changes. The description of sound changes is divided into sound changes of consonants and sound changes of vowels. Along with sound changes of consonants, this work presents some archaisms in relation to standard Croatian; distinctive results of changes in the sound „jot“ and of the first palatalisation; reflection of the sound l between velars and front vocals; certain distinctive reflections of the sound v; rhotacism; reflection of the old sound h; reflection of the sound j when close to i; reflection of the offset l; reflection of the regressive nasal; simplification (weakening) of consonant groups; dissimilation in relation to place and way of formation; equation in relation to place of formation; consonant changes in individual words; and morphophonological consonant changes. Within vowel changes, the following is elaborated: reflection of the old sound ě, direct and analogical reflection of the semitone, reflection of the vowel within a syllable closed by a nasal, fluctuations in vocalism, closing of long vowels, elision of vowels, contraction of vowels, prothetic v before a vowel, as well as morphophonological vowel changes. In the part on prosodic changes, this work also covers the elongation of nouns ending in –ьje; elongation in the closed stressed syllable and exceptions to both elongations; shortening of vowels and elongation of the stressed a. An appendix is to be found at the end of the first part of this work in which a short overview is given of the sounds of other dialects found on the island of Ugljan, as well as of some spoken on the island of Pašman. The second part of this work consists of a morphological presentation of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numbers and verbs. With nouns, their forms and formation are covered in detail, whilst with other parts of speech mostly their forms are presented. The depiction of nouns consists of an introduction, of an outline of forms and noun formation. The overview of noun forms is divided into presentations of individual declinations (the socalled e-type, a-type and i-type nouns) and presentations of particularities of each declination. As each declination is presented, what is given first are its paradigms; then follows the assay of individual casi, upon which the accentuation of nouns of that particular declination is examined. When idiosyncrasies of declinations are studied, this is what is analysed: peculiarities caused by sound changes and accent peculiarities, incomplete amalgamation of declension patterns, defectiveness and suppletion, along with tendencies towards nondeclension, as well as non-declension itself. In the segment analysing noun formation, nouns are presented with domestic suffixes and with suffixes pertaining to the Romance languages; nouns with prefixes; and compound nouns. The morphological depiction of adjectives brings forward the declination and comparation of adjectives. As regards pronouns, nominal, adjectival and adverbial pronouns are introduced. The representation of nominal pronouns is divided so as to demonstrate personal pronouns on the one hand, and interrogative, relative and indefinite pronouns on the other. In adjectival pronouns, the author analyses possessive, identifier, qualitative and quantitative adjectival pronouns. As regards adverbial pronouns, a mostly taxative approach is taken with demonstrative identifier particles and demonstrative, quantitative, spatial and temporal adverbial pronouns. In the depiction of numbers, cardinal, ordinal and other numbers are analysed. The presentation of verbs consists of an introductory part, a morphological overview and of an analysis of conjugation types. In conclusion, at the end of this work, key data is given on the anthroponymes of the village of Kukljica.

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