The relationship of instrumentality, expressiveness and social self-efficacy to depressive symptoms

Katalenić, Gordana. (2008). The relationship of instrumentality, expressiveness and social self-efficacy to depressive symptoms. Diploma Thesis. Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu, Department of Psychology. [mentor Arambašić, Lidija].

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Abstract

A number of researches have studied a relationship between instrumentality and expressiveness with different measures of mental health and they constantly show negative relationship between instrumentality and mental health. A relationship between expressiveness and mental health is not so constant and one of the possible explanations is that expressiveness is more visible in a social context. This study examined the relationship of instrumentality, expressiveness and social self-efficacy to depressive symptoms and also differences in the strength of these relationships in men and women. For that purposes 200 subjects, of which 100 men and 100 women have completed the following measures: demographic questionnaire, masculinity (instrumentality) and femininity (expressiveness) scale which were taken from Bem's Sex Role Inventor (BSRI), The Scale of Perceived Social Self - Efficacy (PSSE) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The analysis shows significant relationship between all variables in both sexes except between expressiveness and depressive symptoms in women. It was postulated that the relationship between instrumentality and depressive symptoms would be mediated by social self-efficacy and that relationship between social self-efficacy and depressive symptoms would be mediated by expressiveness but the analysis didn't confirm this postulates. Furthermore, it was postulated that relationship between variables would be stronger in men but the only difference between men and women was in the relationship between expressiveness and depressive symptoms.

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