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Usklađivanje poslovnih i obiteljskih obveza žena

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Barbir, Jelena. (2007). Usklađivanje poslovnih i obiteljskih obveza žena. Diploma Thesis. Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu, Department of Sociology. [mentor Galić, Branka].

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Abstract

Due to the economical and political changes, the traditional family is also changing. Although the patriarchal family is deteriorating, many patterns are being inherited from it. The widest spread pattern is male dominance, which reproduces by socialization within the family. This gender inequality mostly stems from the physical differences between men and women, which then transfers to the intelectual sphere. In the traditional patriarchal family the man was the one working and making money for the family. The man alone was responsible for financing his family. The woman stayed at home, took care of the house and raising children, and was responsible for the entire private sphere. By gaining more rights, the women became aware of their possibilities as individuals. Some of the most important rights are the right to vote, the right to a payed job, the right to an equal salary for the same job, the right to an education, reproductive rights… Civil rights did not automatically bring deliverance to women, but they helped them to realise their submissive position. All these changes bring about moving away from traditional values. Women do not want to be tied to their homes and chores, but they want to confirm themselves in the public sphere. It is necessary to transform the family towards greater gender equality, because the division of chores is the true marker of (in)equality). When women came out on the job market their social position and role changed only in the public sphere. They were being payed for their work, thus forming the basis for an economical and other independences. The gain of working outside the house is not just economical. Women become aware of their possibilities and appreciate their work more and get more self-confidence. Although the fact that more women start working outside the house formally looks almost perfect, in practice things are not so good. What happened is that the gender division of work from the family life transferred to bussiness life, creating traditional ''female'' and strictly separate ''male'' occupations. Traditional female occupation are actually a transferrence of family roles of women to the bussiness sphere (teachers, nursery-school teachers, medical staff, administrative occupations). One of the reasons the women do not occupy leading positions in work places is the course of their education, where traditional gender divisions to ''male'' and ''female'' are being applied. Upbringing, then education, i.e. the whole socialization, encourage women to choose ''female'' occupations. The higher the level of education, the more obvious gender differentiality in favor of men is. By working outside the family home, women have eased the traditional role of menbecause they are no longer the sole providers in the family, i.e. the financial responsibility is equally divided between the two spouses. In the private sphere, however, the traditional power relations, i.e. the male dominance is still present in the family home. Women still perform most of the underrated chores. Their so called free time is actually doing another job. House work is considered to be part of the gender identity. Performing chores is seen as an affirmation of ''femininity'', and refusing to help around the house as an affirmation of ''masculinity''. Because of this, unequal division of chores is harder to change. ''Female'' chores are repetitive, long-term and are done daily. ''Male'' chores are smaller repairs, taking care of the house surroundings and the car, i.e. they are not done frequently, but when they are needed. The true path towards an equality is in changing ''female'' chores into gender neutral or common, and the start of that can be seen in taking care of the children, social contacts and financial responsibilities. In the future, an equal division of work will enter the private sphere. Husbands will equally participate in chores that have so far been left entirely up to women. The picture of the family in which the male and the female occupy two different spheres, feelings and work, cannot stand today. The two spheres are getting closer and interfusing and the result is equal roles of mothers and fathers. The period to follow is the period of true equality, at work and at home.

Item Type: Diploma Thesis
Subjects: Sociology
Departments: Department of Sociology
Supervisor: Galić, Branka
Date Deposited: 16 Jun 2016 14:54
Last Modified: 16 Jun 2016 14:54
URI: http://darhiv.ffzg.unizg.hr/id/eprint/6723

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