Barić, Mislav.
(2015).
Dugi rat u Hrvatskoj: ratnici i ratništvo (Kriegswesen).
Diploma Thesis. Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu, Department of History.
[mentor Roksandić, Drago].
Abstract
Concept of Michael Robert's military revolution relies on a sudden increase of soldiers after the incorporation of firearms. This begins a thorough change in perception of an army in the eyes of military leaders, but also in the eyes of the general public. Modernization of military technology and tactics is apparent in the development of a better defence system, particularly in the construction of new forts capable of sustaining constant artillery bombardment. Huge financial means are invested in the army, which is constantly trained and drilled. Army management became better and just a few steps away from a contemporary method. Considering the definition and the concept of the theory of military revolution, it can be used to study the development of military conflicts called the Long War, which took part from 1591 to 1606 between the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire. Clashes occurred on the border between these two empires. While territorial gains were insignificant, this war marks the turning point in the diplomatic and military sense. New defence system was systemically prepared and it relies on exploiting typical early modern forts, built on tactically significant spots. The role of an army was to guard particular defence points that were scattered across the border where all forms of conflict took part daily. There weren't many big battles in this war that would define the definitive victor. Instead there were a slew of little clashes and raids whose goal was to exhaust the enemy. War escalated with a few big battles, but both sides tried to estimate if direct clashes were tactically affordable. The formation of Hofkriegsrat gave the Habsburg Monarchy the possibility to modernize the army administration. This is a type of military management which became a standard for developing modern state administration. Big number of people took part in the Long War on this way or another and the increase of people in direct contact with the war is apparent. With the growth of involvement of people in war conflicts, a common European perception of the Ottoman army was also developed with the spread of information through newspapers, info letters, bulletins and other means of informing. In historiography this is known under the term Türkenangst, which is the perception in the minds of the population of the Holy Roman Empire regarding the Ottoman raids that happened in that particular period of time. From a diplomatic and political point of view equalization of Habsburg and Ottoman power is apparent. In written correspondence and official documents, rulers of both empires are addressed with titles that have equal meaning and power. The Long War is thus an interesting
conflict though which proto-modern development of military and state administration can be researched as well as the modernization of military technology and tactics, changes in diplomatic relations of two opposing empires and finally the increase of participants in war. This marks the beginning of mass warfare that is known under the term total war.
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