Šarić, Marina.
(2016).
The impact of preference and active listening to music on the experience of pain.
Diploma Thesis. Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu, Department of Psychology.
[mentor Ivanec, Dragutin].
Abstract
Distraction is one of the cognitive strategies often used when dealing with pain in everyday situations. Music can be used as a potential distractor. The aim of this study was to examine whether active listening to music, i.e., focusing on certain music elements when listening to preferred music, may increase pain tolerance and reduce the experience of discomfort caused by painful stimuli. The circulation of warm air was used as a painful stimulus, while the dependent variables were pain tolerance duration and assessment of the discomfort level experienced by the participant during the painful stimulation. Participants (N = 79) were divided into four experimental groups. The first group was exposed to preferred music during the painful stimulation, while the second one was exposed to non-preferred music. In the third and fourth group, the intention was to achieve active listening to music, by drawing participants' attention to music elements such as the rhythm, melody and text. The longest pain tolerance and the lowest assessment of discomfort were expected for the participants exposed to active listening to preferred music, while the shortest pain tolerance and the highest assessment of discomfort were expected for the participants exposed to listening to non-preferred music, without previously drawing attention to the musical stimulus. The results have not confirmed the hypotheses; however, this experiment provides certain insights that could be useful in future research.
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